Typically the Veeam logs on the VBR server are under - C:\ProgramData\Veeam\Backup for jobs but there are other folders located here as well for the other components.  I would check here first.

If you need information about the jobs in the appliance, you can download the log from the Appliance:
https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/vbazure/guide/support_information.html?ver=40

In the archive you will have the logs for the jobs, repository etc...

If you need information about the jobs in the appliance, you can download the log from the Appliance:
https://helpcenter.veeam.com/docs/vbazure/guide/support_information.html?ver=40

In the archive you will have the logs for the jobs, repository etc...

 

 

That works once the appliance is deployed but I think the OP was asking about the deployment and integration from VBR.  I could be wrong but that is how I read it.

This is great to know for sure though.